卡通場景制作

步驟1:概念草圖

STEP 1: Concept sketching

對于這個圖像，我實際上是畫了一個概念草圖，而不是每個項目都做的。 因為我知道我想用魚眼鏡頭的角度來看，我覺得有必要看看它是否會起作用。 但是，我犯了一個錯誤，就是沒有在3D中測試龍。 當(dāng)使用一個怪異的鏡頭，不要以為你可以預(yù)期的效果會很好，更不要說畫它了。 用3D進(jìn)行測試。

For this image I actually 'drew' (scribbled) out a concept, something I don't do for every project. Because I knew I wanted to work with fisheye lens perspective, I felt the need to see if it would work. However, I made the mistake of not testing the dragon in 3D. When using a weird lens, don't think you can anticipate the effect, let alone paint it. Test it out in 3D and save yourself a headache or three later on...

早期的概念

Early concept

步驟二:小孩的制作

 STEP 2: Sculpting the kid

重新拓?fù)湓?D-Coat中完成。 這款軟件中的retopo工具超級可靠！ 它只是按照你想要的方式工作。 一個好的建議是先從/大/四方開始，鋪設(shè)流線和循環(huán)。 只需點擊一下鼠標(biāo)就可以添加額外的循環(huán)，然后手動添加額外的循環(huán)。 一般來說，這也是更簡潔的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)。

Retopology was done in 3D-Coat. The retopo tools in this piece of software are super solid! It just works the way you want it to. A good tip is to start with the /big/ quads, laying out the flow lines and loops. It's so much faster to add extra loops with one click in between others then to add extra loops all the way around manually. It also results in much cleaner topology in general.

加快小孩的速度，測試自己能夠多快地完成一些可用的東西。 原來是一個半小時左右！

Speed retopo of kid, testing myself how quickly I could achieve something useable. Turned out to be about an hour and half!

步驟3:造型設(shè)計

STEP 3: Marvelous Designer

我喜歡使用Marvelous Designer的一個重要原因是我不必?fù)?dān)我的面料的UVs。 因為您將它們放置在二維視圖中（如同您在現(xiàn)實生活中一樣）并進(jìn)行模擬，您可以使用二維布局作為UV坐標(biāo)，而不必?fù)?dān)心織物在某些地方伸展/變形。 超酷！ 對于雕刻的服裝來說，讓圖案向右流動通常是令人討厭的。

One of the big reasons I like to use Marvelous Designer is that I don't have to worry about the UVs of my fabrics. Because you lay them out in a 2D view (as you would in real life) and simulate them, you can use the 2D layout as your UV coordinates without having to worry about your fabric stretching/deforming in places. Super cool! With sculpted clothing it's often annoying to get the patterns to flow right.

用奇妙的設(shè)計模擬面料

 Simulating the fabrics with Marvelous Designer

步驟四：雕刻孩子的臉

STEP 4: Sculpting the kid's face

當(dāng)我雕刻這個表情的時候，我想我已經(jīng)盡可能地把它推到極致了——如果我再進(jìn)一步推它，它看起來就不太對了。主要的問題是ZBrush的陰影模型。當(dāng)角色完全被紋理遮蔽，光線散射到皮膚中時，它更加寬容，而且我認(rèn)為我制作的表情幾乎顯得有些沉悶。在接下來的項目中，我知道我可以進(jìn)一步完善它。

When sculpting the expression, I thought I had really pushed it as far as I could - if I pushed it any further it just didn't look right. It turns out that the main problem was the shading model in ZBrush. When the character was fully shaded with textures applied and light scattering into the skin, it was a lot more forgiving and the expression I thought I pushed so far almost seems a little bit dull. Knowing that I can push it even a lot further is something I will keep in mind in upcoming projects.

雕刻面部表情

Sculpting the facial expression

第5步：面料和頭發(fā)

 STEP 5: Fabric and hair

這個角色使用MARI紋理。 至于通道的每一步，紋理化都是從尋找好的參考開始的。當(dāng)我知道我想用什么樣的圖案來制作這些布料時，我在網(wǎng)上找到了照片，然后裁剪和縮放它們，讓它們變得可以使用，這樣它們就可以作為一種圖案。我喜歡將紋理看作是構(gòu)建層(就像陰影一樣)。首先我要畫出布料的圖案，然后使用很多程序上的噪音模式來分解紋理。這樣做之后，我手繪了污漬、污垢和灰塵層，所有這些都是為了擺脫CG的外觀。這適用于我所畫的所有材料——金屬或木質(zhì)紋理都經(jīng)歷了完全相同的過程。

The character was textured with MARI. As for every step of the pipeline, texturing all started with finding good references. When I knew what kind of patterns I wanted to use for the fabrics, I found photographs on the internet and then cropped and scaled them to make them tileable so they were useable as a pattern. I like to think of texturing as building up layers (just like shading!). So first I would lay out the pattern of the fabric, and then use a lot of procedural noise patterns to break up the textures. After doing that, I hand-painted stains, dirt and dust layers, all to try to get rid of the CG look. This applied to all the materials that I painted - metals or wooden textures went through exactly the same process.

自從我使用Maya 2016以來，我選擇了學(xué)習(xí)XGen制作頭發(fā)的方法。  它在視口2.0中的實時預(yù)覽是不可思議的 - 不需要測試渲染任何東西！ 這節(jié)省了我很多時間。

Since I switched to Maya 2016 lately, I chose to learn the ways of XGen for making hair. And holy moly, did I have a good time doing it! The real-time preview of it in viewport 2.0 is incredible - no need to test-render anything! This saves me so much time.

XGen在視口2.0中實時預(yù)覽

XGen real-time preview in viewport 2.0

步驟6:看動態(tài)

 STEP 6: Look development

在開始陰影之前，我確保創(chuàng)建一個正確校準(zhǔn)的中性光線設(shè)置。 盡管這很重要，但并不是非常嚴(yán)格。 你只是想避開那些會影響你的顏色和價值選擇的燈光設(shè)置。

Before starting shading I make sure to create a properly calibrated, neutral light setup. Although it's important, it's not super strict though. You just want to avoid light setups that would influence your color or value choices.

在中性照明的環(huán)境下看動態(tài)

Look development in a neutrally lit environment

第七步:頭盔著色器

STEP 7: Helmet shaders

閱讀別人的節(jié)點圖會很困難，因為要看的東西太多了。為了更好地閱讀我的文章，您需要知道我在邏輯分層的方法中構(gòu)建了所有的著色器。以盾牌為例，我有一個生銹的金屬材質(zhì)和涂層。在我的分層方法中，涂層將是一個著色器，它將會在銹色著色器的頂部分層，它將會在底部的金屬著色器上分層。都在面具里!

Reading someone else's node graphs can be hard as there's so much to look at. In order to read mine better, you need to know that I build all my shaders in a logically layered approach. Taking the shield as an example, I've got a rusty metal shader with a coating. In my layered approach, the coating will be a shader, which will be layered on top of the rust shader, which will be layered on top of the base metal shader. It's all in the masks!

頭盔上的金屬由四個主要層組成。 一個閃亮的灰色基礎(chǔ)金屬，一個閃亮的氧化黃色層，骯臟的彌漫涂層，然后一個油漆層。 工作流程始終是相同的，從繪制或可繪制的地圖開始，并使用一些實用節(jié)點來改變它們的外觀（增加增益，降低對比度等）。 在Maya中進(jìn)行這些非破壞性的操作要比不斷地回到NUKE或者Photoshop來寫出新的圖像要好得多

The metal on the helmet consists of four main layers. A shiny grey base metal, a shiny oxidized yellow layer, the dirty diffuse coating, and then a paint layer. The workflow is always the same, starting from painted or tileable maps and using some utility nodes to change their appearance (up the gain, lower the contrast, etc). Doing these operations non-destructively in Maya is much better than having to keep going back to NUKE or Photoshop to write out new images.

頭盔著色器節(jié)點圖。 從右到左閱讀陰影網(wǎng)絡(luò)，非常簡單！

Helmet shader node graph. Read the shading networks from right to left, it's so much easier!

第8步：散景效果

STEP 8: Bokeh effects

雖然蔡司的研究人員在談?wù)搲溺R頭——因為他們是光學(xué)上不完美的——對于我們的CG藝術(shù)家來說，他們可能是非常有趣的。

Whilst the Zeiss researcher was talking about bad lenses - because they are optically not perfect - for us CG artists they can be incredibly interesting.

使用自定義過濾器圖像和默認(rèn)的圓圈之間的區(qū)別

The difference between using a custom filter image and a default circle

最終的圖像!

Final image!